Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: PACAP38 synergizes with irradiation to suppress the proliferation of multiple cancer cells via regulating SOX6/Wnt/β-catenin signaling

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1492453

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38) synergizes with irradiation to suppress glioma and breast cancer cell proliferation. (A) Dose-dependent inhibitory impacts of PACAP38 on the proliferation ability of T98G, T47D, and BT-549 cells. (B) PACAP38 (100 nM) alone and in combination with irradiation (4 Gy, 8 Gy) could suppress T98G, T47D, and BT-549 cell proliferation in vitro assessed by CCK8 assays. (C) PACAP38 (100 nM) alone and in combination with irradiation (4 Gy, 8 Gy) could suppress T98G, T47D, and BT-549 cell proliferation in vitro assessed by Edu assays. (D) PACAP38 (100 nM) alone and in combination with irradiation (8 Gy) could inhibit T98G, T47D, and BT-549 cells proliferation in vitro assessed by colony formation assays. The effects were attenuated by PACAP6-38 (1 μM). Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE, United States).

Techniques: Irradiation, In Vitro, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: PACAP6-38 improves nitroglycerin-induced central sensitization by modulating synaptic plasticity at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in a male rat model of chronic migraine

doi: 10.1186/s10194-023-01603-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAC1R inhibitor PACAP6-38 alleviated central sensitization and reduced neuronal activation in the TNC of CM rat model. A - C . PACAP6-38 treatment ameliorated the decreased mechanical ( A - B ) and thermal ( C ) thresholds after CM. Mean ± SEM, n = 6/group. Two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with saline + vehicle group, & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 compared with NTG + vehicle group. D . Representative western blot bands and densitometric quantification of c-Fos in different groups. E – F . Representative micrographs ( E ) and quantitative analysis ( F ) of c-Fos (red) staining in TNC. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Mean ± SEM, n = 3/group. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with saline + vehicle group, & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 compared with NTG + vehicle group. Abbreviations: PA6-38, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 6–38; NTG, nitroglycerin; CM: chronic migraine

Article Snippet: PACAP6-38 (HY-P0220A, MCE) was dissolved in 0.9% saline to make a working solution of 1 μg/μl.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Saline, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: PACAP6-38 improves nitroglycerin-induced central sensitization by modulating synaptic plasticity at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in a male rat model of chronic migraine

doi: 10.1186/s10194-023-01603-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: PACAP6-38 administration decreased the overexpression of synaptic-associated proteins and restored the aberrant synaptic ultrastructure in CM rat model. A - C . Representative bands and quantification of PSD-95, syt-1 and syp protein levels showed that these proteins were significantly increased in the NTG + vehicle group compared to the saline + vehicle group, while PACAP6-38 blocked these effects. E – G . Representative images of the synaptic ultrastructure in the four groups. H - J . The width of the synaptic cleft ( H ) was decreased, and the thickness of PSD ( I ) and the synaptic interface curvature ( J ) were significantly increased in the NTG + VEHgroup compared to the Saline + VEHgroup. In the NTG + PA6-38 group, these abnormal alterations were alleviated. Mean ± SEM. n = 3/group. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test; Scale bars = 500 nm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with saline + vehicle group, & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 compared with NTG + vehicle group. Abbreviations: PA6-38, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 6–38; NTG, nitroglycerin; CM: chronic migraine

Article Snippet: PACAP6-38 (HY-P0220A, MCE) was dissolved in 0.9% saline to make a working solution of 1 μg/μl.

Techniques: Over Expression, Saline

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: PACAP6-38 improves nitroglycerin-induced central sensitization by modulating synaptic plasticity at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in a male rat model of chronic migraine

doi: 10.1186/s10194-023-01603-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibiting PAC1R with PACAP6-38 restored the aberrant neuronal dendritic spines via the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in the CM rat model. A - D . Representative images of the dendritic spines in different groups. E . Golgi-Cox staining showed that the number of dendritic spines per 20 μm was significantly higher in the NTG + VEH group compared to the Saline + VEH group, and the effect was inhibited in the NTG + PA6-38 group. (F–H). Representative bands showed that the protein levels of p-ERK( F ), p-CREB ( J ) and BDNF ( H ) were significantly elevated in the NTG + VEH group compared to the Saline + VEH group. After PACAP6-38 treatment, the expression levels of these proteins were significantly reduced. Mean ± SEM, n = 3/group. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared with saline + vehicle group, & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 compared with NTG + vehicle group. Abbreviations: PA6-38, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 6–38; NTG, nitroglycerin; CM: chronic migraine

Article Snippet: PACAP6-38 (HY-P0220A, MCE) was dissolved in 0.9% saline to make a working solution of 1 μg/μl.

Techniques: Staining, Saline, Expressing